For the first time, residents of the Russian Empire for the first time learned from the manuscript of Wilhelm de Gennin. Once this was the largest metallurgical enterprise in Europe, which produced high-quality products with the branded stigma of the Demidovs "Old Sable". The first melting was held on December 25, 1725, and the last - October 6, 1987! The industrial complex was closed when they calculated the reconstruction of the unprofitable, but for history it is so valuable that since 1995 it has been the status of a federal monument.
Visorine excursions have been organized from May to September and by prior recording. When you find yourself on the site, you immediately understand why such strict rules: too steep steps, too many equipment with all sorts of protruding parts, and the walls are not preserved everywhere. For security, the guide advises to put on helmets and not go “for ribbons.” The industrial gene in the DNA of every Urals makes the soul tremble at the sight of not palaces, but the openwork arch of the Marten Workshop of 1891. In the leaf -rolling workshop, the roof is not so artisticTwist, against the background of the blue sky, looks strict and graphic. However, the techies are beckoning this place to others: until the beginning of the 40s of the XX century, they used the technology of extinct criticism, introduced by the Demidovs. Crowned coal increased the strength of the sheets and made the surface of the matte.
before the emergence of electricity, the Tagil River gave production. The local dam was considered one of the largest in the Urals: its length is 220 meters, the height is 7.3. The design was based on the malls (log cabins) from larch, tightly clogged with clay and stones. The water level was reduced through a penalty gap, that is, spring, flood, and after two work cuts, streams entered huge tetrahedral lami pipes, each 250 meters long and with a diameter of 3.8 meters. From them, the side bounces stretched to the wheels of mechanisms. In 1899, wooden communications were replaced by metal, partially preserved to the present day.
In the mechanical workshop are the machines of the Soviet era. photo: Andrey TikhonovWhat has been preserved since the days of the Demidovs? The wall of the domain workshop dated to 1830. In the arched openings, there were once awardsAnd they illuminated the space for adults. The height of ancient furnaces was only 8-9 meters, half as much as the 1930 installation, available for viewing today. Of the four, the domain was at the same time melting no more than two, in the summer the masters were generally sent to mowing, one furnace was dismantled, cleaned and erected again.
The work of the Gornovs was always considered dangerous and difficult, the average expectancy of their life did not exceed 40 years. Initially, all operations were performed manually, for example, a flyer (hole in the furnace) was broken by a huge crowbar at once several people. It was impossible to let the mass be freezed, that is, "plant a goat." Hot cast iron spilled into gutters into cast iron, and slag, which accumulated on the surface due to smaller density, into slags. In 262, the workshop smelted 14 million tons of metal, having broken several records.
the kurnny site is similar to a huge periscope: experienced workers were determined through the flames of flame through the windows-peeps whether cast iron was ready or not. The air temperature reached 60 degrees, the guide clarifies, so the staff constantly doused with cold water. They never rose here alone, and the level of gas was checked with the help of pigeons -They have thinner tactiles. They thought less about ecology than saving, martens were fed by technical gas, and only in the 1950s they put two scrubbers: in these towers in the form of towers thanks to small irrigation, the mud particles settled, turned into a liquid sludge and dragged into a sedimentation tank, today more similar to the basin, overgrown with grass. Attention is attracted by a trolley with a red bucket - Prudenko’s blocking machine, which seriously facilitated the work of steelmits. If, until 1937, cast iron and scrap metal were loaded manually in the furnace - in 3-4 hours it was necessary to drag about 43 tons, now the martial (capacity for serving raw materials) was lowered and rose, and the trunk turned by the power of the electric motor. The wonderful "mushrooms", perched on the platform nearby, are the molds where the finished steel was filled. When they were brought to the right place, the caps were cut off - the dust remained, and the ingot came out completely clean.
What else can you see at the factory? The bell near the engineering office, which gave signals about the beginning and end of the shift. Control Center with a bunch of mechanical sensors. 1913 power station, built in the Art Nouveau style, and mechanicalThe Eyeous Workshop is a sample of pseudo -Goths of 1870, earlier he even had a gate stained glass. The columns around the perimeter hold a centenary crane-beam and, along with this, are boxes for storing tools. The rails were drowned to the floor, along which the details were delivered from the machine to the machine. You can change the direction with the help of a transfer, rotating it with your foot.
alas, alas, there has not been preserved in the standard case, but there is a machine scheme invented in 1828 by a locksmith Stepan Kozopasov. Two water wheels with the help of a crooked mechanism transferred energy to the bar, they stretched to the mine one and a half kilometers from the plant and set the pumps pumping groundwater. The design creaked loudly, but in terms of power it overtook the steam car of Efim and Miron Cherepanovs. It can be said that both technical innovations appeared in production at the same time, with a difference of three months.
Today, the Ecodruntry Technopark "Old Demidovsky Plant" is part of the Nizhny Tagil Museum-Reserve together with 10 other museums, reflecting all the facets of the mining industry, culture and life.
